hammond



J. 'B. HAMMOND. Type-Writing Machine. No. 232,402. Patented Sept. 21,1880'.

MFETERS. FHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER, WASHKNGTON, D c.

4' Sheets-Sheet 2. J. B. HAMMOND.

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J. B. HAMMOND. Type-Writing Machine.

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N.PETERS. PHOTO-LITNDGRAP'HER. WASHINGTON, 9 V

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. B. HAMMOND. Type-Writing Machine.

No. 232,402. Patented Sept.21,18 80.

Invmtor:

. it is operated.

UNITED STATES JAMES B. HAMMOND,

PATENT ()rrrcn.

OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 232,402, datedSeptember 21, 1880.

v Application filed April 1, 1875).

My invention relates to a type-writing ma- I chine of that class inwhich the type are placed upon a segment revolving or oscillat- ,ing tobring any given letter into position to receive the impression from thehammer, and particularly to a machine heretofore described by me, thedistinguishing feature of which is that the segment is moved and otherco-ordinate operations accomplished by the sole motive power of thefingers upon a finger-board of separate keys. In this essential featurethe machine now described is the same as that which has heretofore beenthe subject of applications madeby me and now pendingin the Patent)ffice.

The invention consists of certain important details of construction,whereby the machine is greatly simplified and its operation renderedmore certain and accurate.

In thedrawings hereunto attached and forming part of this specification,Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved machine. Fig. 2 is a sideelevation 5 Fig. 3, the front view of a section of linexmof Fig. 1. Fig.4: is a plan view of part of the machine, showing the location of thestop and the construction of the parts which rotate the typesegment.Fig. 5 is a section of line y y Fig. 6, a detached view of the shaftwhich carries the detent of the escapement, together with the levers bywhich Fig. 7 is a modification of the stop arm. Fig. 8 is a rearelevation of the type-segment with its immediate connections, and oftheyoke or frame in which itis mounted 5 Fig. 9, an elevation of theweighted lever.

, In the machine thus illustrated the feed-rollers AAare mounted upon acarriage, a, which moves upon the track I), in the same manner asheretofore represented by me. The construction of the key-levers of therollers for holding the paper, the construction and arrangement of thehammer and its mode of operation upon the type-segment, the type-segmentitself, and the paper-carriage are all substantially as heretofore shownby me in my previous applications. Ihave also shown the sameconstruction and arrangement of the es.- capement devices for givingthestep-by-step movement to the carriage.

My present improvements relate, principally, to improved devices forimparting the motion of the key-levers to the type-segment, and to asimpler and more certain system of stops for arresting the momentum ofthe type-segment, and for holding it accurately in place at the instantwhen it receives the blow from the hammer which effects the printing.Other ini- .port-ant details of construction are fully desegment and thestop for the said type-segment, I haveformed thekey-levers with notchesd d, Figs. 2 and 5, on their upper edges, for operation upon a bar, 6,fixed in thelower end of arms f f of a vibratory frame, g. Thisvibratory frame has its bearings in fixed arms h it upon the frame-workB. Upon this vibratory frame 9 is fixed a vertical arm, i, a little uponone side of the center, as shown in Fig.1.

' The bar 6 is preferably cylindrical in form, is pivoted, and rolls tosave sliding friction, and extends across the entire width of the spaceoccupied by the key-levers, and at right angles to the central lever.

'lhe notches d d, which have approximately the form shown in Fig. 5, areso arranged in the levers that the line formed by the bot-tom of theoperative sides of the notches is not exactly parallel with thecylindrical rod e, but crosses the said rod at a slight angle, so thatwhen any lever on the right-hand side of the central line of the machineis depressed the rear edge of the notch in that lever will impingeagainst the rear side of the rod eand move it slightly forward. Thenotches are so arranged and are made of such form that the outsidenotches impart the greatest motion to the rod e.

The direction of the line of notches in relation to the rod 6, crossingthe said red, as has been heretofore explained, at the center, causesthe inclines on the left-hand side of the machine, from the center tothe outside, to strike, when thelevers are depressed, upon the forwardpart of the bar a, push backward that bar, and vibrate the shaft outwardinstead of inward, as is done when the levers are operated upon theright-hand side.

The arrangement of the notches in relation to the rod 0, from the centerto the left, is the same as that described from the center to the rightIt will plainly appear, therefore, from the description now given, thatthe depression of the key upon the extreme right of the machine willthrow the bar 0 forward, imparting to it the greatest amountof motion,and throwing backward the upward-projecting arm tin a correspondingmanner and extent, while the depression of the key on the extreme leftwill give an equal amount of motion to the arm t in an oppositedirection, and the direction changes in passing from the key next on theright of the central key to the key next upon the left of the saidcentral key. The acting-surfaces of these notches form a double set ofcam eccentric from the knife-edge-the greater the eccentricity thegreater the movement of the rod.

Where in a former application a double-faced cam attached to thetype-segment shaft was 03-.

erated by lifting-frames moved the varying distances required bythekey-levers operatingonly through a portion of their motion, greaterorless, the present arrangement shows a double series of cams formed onthe levers themselves, the varying operation of the levers beinggoverned by the varying eccentricity of the cams, which representin thismachine in a modified form another feature of earlier ap1 lications-i.6., the incline of the bottom rail of the intermediate frame or itsequivalent-2'. e, the inclined plane of the acting-surfaces of thekey-levers. The same result could also be conveniently attained byarranging such a frame as is described in previous applicationsdiagonally across the keys, so that it might be lifted by the key-leversat varying distance from the knife-edge. Otherconneetions of theintermediate frame or frames with the type-segment will also be easilysuggested. The essential feature of all these methodsis that a segmentis moved by key-levers through the means of anintermediate frame orframes, the varying distances being effected in the various methodssuggested and others that will readily occur.

The top of the vertical arm t is connected, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4,by a rod,j, to a lever, 70. This lever is pivoted, as shown in Fig. 4.,and is accurately held between springs l l, fitted to press equally uponeach side.

Underneath this lever or bar 70, which carries the segment at its freeend, is a piece, 0?, of the same width as the bar, upon which, as wellas upon the bar, the springs rest, so that when the bar swings one wayone spring is upon the bar and the other upon the underlying solidpiece. The latter spring serves as a stop to bring the bar quickly torest and prevent the quivering and uncertainty of position which wouldresult if the position depended only upon the adjustment of the springs.This steadying of the segment is further assisted by a piece, 15,attached to the arm V, hereinafter described.

The end of the lever opposite its pivot carries a toothed segment, m,which meshes accurately into a gear-wheel, a, fixed upon a verticalshaft, 0, which carries the type-segment D. This vertical-shaft has itsbearings, as shown in Fig. 5, in thnmb-screws--one in the top of theframe B and the other in the upper part of a bridge, E. The parts areall so adjusted that when at rest the zero or central 9o point'of thetype-segment shall be opposite the face of the hammer. Theletters uponthe face of the type-segment are arranged from this central point to theright and left in an order corresponding to the frequency of their use,those most used being nearest and those least farthest on the right andleft from the said zero-point. this order of letters is somewhatmodified in the present arrangement upon the segment in favor of themiddle bank of keys, and for securing certain combinations or sequencesof letters for convenience in fingering, and also to give a larger shareof work to the right hand than to the left.

It follows from what has been said that when the parts are accuratelyadjusted the depression' of any given lever will vibrate the shaft 9,and, through the arm i, rod j, lever k, rotate the type-segmentsufficiently and in the proper direction to bring the type-segmentletter of the depressed key into position opposite the face of thehammer. The release of the key permits the innerend to drop or to bedepressed by the spring upon the stop, and the spring upon the side ofthe lever 70 returns the parts to the normal position from which theystarted. It is necessary, however, for perfect accuracy of the work,that the type-segment should be arrested and held for an instant duringthe stroke of the hammer in a position invariable for each letter, anddetermined with the utmost accuracy. In the machine described in myprevious application this was accomplished by an arm raised upon a frameby any one of the levers, and adapted to be brought in contact with anyone of a double series of serrations underneath the edge-of thetypesegment. By a modification of this method of arresting thetype-segment I have simplified the apparatus and rendered it much morecertain and accurate in its operation. The means devised for thispurpose are shown clearly in Figs. 4 and 5.

There being three banks of keys,

The stops consist of pinsp p, arranged ver- 1 xftically in the upper andlower plates of the 1 lower ends upon small pins orcollars upon thepins 1) p. \Vhen the keys are in their ordinary position the pinsresting upon the inner and depressed ends of the key-levers fall be lowthe upper surface of the upper plate, and when the keys are depressedthe pins are raised and project through above the said upper surface, soas to arrest the stop-arm q in its motion over the upper plate. This armq is fixed upon the shaft of the type-segment, Fig. 5. When the saidtype-segmentis at rest with thczero-point opposite the face of thehammer the stoparm q, being directly opposite said zero-point, projectsexactly over the middle of the upper plate.

The arrangement of the perforations in the plates through which thepins 1) 12 pass is such that when any given lever is depressed it raisesthe pm at exactly that point where it is necessary to arrest thestop-arm q to bring the proper letter on the type-segment in. front ofthe face of the hammer. placed each exactly over its appropriate lever,the same depression of the key which elevates the pin rotates thetype-segment and swings the stop-arm (1 toward the said pin until itcomes in contact therewith. Upon the dropping of the inner end of thelever the pin is returned by means ot'its spring to its proper positionout of the way of the stop-arm g. This arm q can strike any given pinonly on one side of the arm or by moving only in one direction. Theposition of the pins must take into account the width of the arm infixing the position of any given letter. A modification of the arm maybe made which will admit of its action on either side of thepin andmoving in either direction. The arm may have its operative end providedwith a loose joint, giving it a slight movement by contact with the pinin either direction, as shown in Fig. 7. By this means the same systemof stops might be usedand the segment not returned to position aftereach letter, but left there, the returning devices being removed to becarried by the next key to position. This would simply require anenlargement of the notches, as shown in Fig. 2, the end of their motionbeing as represented in the present machine. Either side of the notchwould, however, be operative on the rod if left in one or anotherposition,

and should also be capable of starting the rod from either extreme ofits vibratory arc. The

\ dotted lines show the formation of the notches "of devices foroperating the hammer are shown in Fig. 5. The hammer is pivoted at1",.audis These pins being forced against the type by a spring, (shownmore clearlyin Fig. 1.) In the form shown in the drawings this springbears against the lower side of the lever t, connected to the ham.- merby a pin, 1, which works in a slot in the said hammer. This lever t ispivoted at 2. Its

forward end projects over a pivoted dog, a, in

such a manner that when the dog a is lifted it depresses the rear end ofthe lever and with it the hammer and the spring, and when the forwardend of the lever is slipped over the edge of the dog a the recoil of thespring p causes the blow; but the adjustment of the springp by meansot'the top screw, .9, is such in relation to the hammer that it does notfollow the hammer quite to the point of its contact with the segment,and its own weight causes the hammer to rebound and remain supportedupon the spring 1) at a slight distance from the surface of the paperpassing before the type. This spring 19'', shown clearly in Figs. 1 and5, bears against the lever it, but may bear directly against the arm ofthe hammer instead. It has a screw, 8, to increase or diminish itstension, and thereby the force of the blow, as required for greaterthickness of paper, or for manifolding, or when the inkingribbon ispale.

The other screw, 8, is shown in Fig. l. is made with a broad head, whichbears against the upper side of the spring 19 and limits its upwardmotion. By means of this adjustingscrew the spring is made to serve as arest [or the hammer at a proper point as it rebounds, and sufficientroom is also given for the hammer-lever above the dog a.

Referring again to the dog a, it will be observed that it ispivoted-between lugs upon the inner face of a bar, V. (Shown in sectionin Fig. 5, and in plan in Fig. l, and part of it in Fig. 6.) The ends ofthe bar V are bent backward and pivoted to the main frame, as shown at3, Figs. 2 and 6. This bar V extends over all of the levers and may belifted by any one of them. When so lifted by any except the central barthe dog a, which falls backward by gravity or is assisted by a spring,4, so as to pass under the extremity of the lever t, lifts this end ofthe lever to depress the hammer, as before described.

The upper or bearing surface of the dog a is formed upon a circle fromthe pivot of the dog, in order that when the frame V returns to rest itmay readily fall under the tail of the lever 25, and that there may beno lost motion when the dog is elevated to act upon the lever. Aset-screw, it, bears against a projection opposite the lower end andlimits the movement of the dog under the end of the lever, and therebythe amount of motion imparted to the lever by the upward rise of the barV2'. 0., it determines how far the lever shall rise before it falls andreleases the hammer. It must be ad justed so as to strike when thestop-arm reaches its pin. The trip of the lever is determined by therelation of the curve described by the point of the dog a, its center ofmotion being space between the two rollers.

the bearing of the frame V and the curve described bythelever t. Wherethese twocurves cross each other the lever it drops from the point ofthe dog, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5. 7

As the central key is designed simply for spacing,it is formed at theinner end, as shown, with an offset, 5, which bears against the inneredge of the lower end of the dog a, thereby forcing it out of contactwith the end of the lever 2., so that this spacing-lever may operate theescapement mechanism to move the carriage without opera-ting the hammer.The mechanism for operating the escapement is shown in Figs. 3 and 6. Asmall shaft, 20, is pivoted in the rear of the frame carrying thepivoted pawl 6, which is substantially the same as that heretofore shownby me. This shaft to is provided with an arm, 7 carrying a pin, 8, whichworks in a slot in the end of the arm of the bar V. The operation of theescapement is effected by the rocking of the shaft 20, caused by theoscillations of the bar V, communicated throughthe arms, as described.

The construction and operation of the pawl, and the combs in whichoperates to permit the step-by-step movenn it of the carriage have beenheretofore described by me in a previous application.

In order to throw the pawl out of connection with the teeth of the combswhen, for any reason, it is desirable to move the carriage to the leftmore than one step at a time, I have provided a bar, 9. (Shown insection in Fig. 5 and in plan in Fig. 3.) This bar has slightlongitudinal motion in proper bearings in the frame, and is providedwith a head, 10, and a spring, 11, to hold it out of contact with thepawl. Contact with the pawl is effected by pressing the knob 10 to theleft, as represented in Fig. 3. This movement carries the arm 12, Figs.5 and 6, slightly to the left, and causes the pin 13 to push the pawlsidewise out of connection with the teeth. The pawl is held in onedirection by a yielding spring, 14, and in the other by a rigid stop.

Upon the right-hand side of the bar V a guard-hook, 15, is fixed,projecting over the rod 0, holding it in place when the type-segment isin its normal position. This renders important service in arresting themomentum of the wheel and frame on their return to a normal position.The carriage rides upon a way, F, by means of grooved wheels, in theordinary manner. The construction of these parts is sufficiently shownin Fig. 5, G being vertical parts of the frame-work, to which thelongitudinal bar H is fixed, and which carry the combs I I. The rollersare mounted as shown at K K, K being hung eccentrically, so that it maybe swung out to widen the By means of the spring-arm 16 it is held infrictional contact with a segmental bar, 17, Fig. 2. This roller ismoved by frictional contact with the paper, which passes between it andthe other roller. The roller Kis moved by the weighted lever L, Fig. 3.The special construction of I this weighted lever is shown in Fig. 9.

An arm, L, is pivoted on the axis of the shaft of the roller K. Uponthis arm is africtional clutch-lever, L, pivoted so that its eccentricend, when the other end is depressed, shall bear against the peripheryof a smooth pulley fixed on the end of the shaft of the roller K, andthereby efiect a connection between the lever and the roll. A fixedstop, 25, limits the upward movement of the weighted lever, its motionin the opposite direction being limited by adjustable stop 26. Thismovable lower stop may be placed higher or lower in holes in the frame,and thus permit of easy adjustment of the spaces between the lines. Theupper arm, 18, of this clutch-lever L may be operated by a touch of thefinger, or by coming in contact with an inclined arm on the frame of themachine, as shown in a previous application.

A beveled gear, 19, upon the shaft of the paper-roll operates withanother beveled gear to move the spool M. Another beveled gear, 20, onthe opposite end of the shaft of roller K, in the same manner turns aspool, M. This "beveled gear 20 slides with its shaft through the roll,and may be thrown out of gear with its fellow (the opposite pair beingthrown into gear) by means of thetlever 21. By this means, the ribbonhaving been completely wound off upon one spool, the motion is reversedand then the winding begins upon the other spool. The tape passes fromspool to spool through vertical guides 00 a9, Figs. 1 and 5. Theseguides at x are made fast to a bow, y, just unv derneath thetype-segment. The ends of this how are journaled in the yoke E, as shownin dotted lines at Z, Fig. 1. A spring-arm, 22, on the end of one'ofthejournals of this bow, permits the bow to be elevated or depressed inorder to raise or lower the ribbon in the guides. This arm 22, beingelastic, may be provided with a pin fitting in little holes in theframe, whereby the bow may be held in any required position.

For convenience and compactness I have arranged the driving-wheel andspring which move the carriage as shown in Figs. 1 and 5. The wheel isindicated at 0. It is laid flat upon the main support of the machine,and the cord attached thereto is carried around and attached to theframe in any suitablemanner. A spring, P, is connected with a fusee uponthe wheel, and serves to give to it an even pull, compensating for thevarying strength of this spring.

The spools M are held upon the spindles by nuts with a milled head,which are provided with springs, to give sufficient friction to preventthem from unwinding and the ribbon becomingloose. The spools can bereading removed and new ones substituted, saving the labor of nnwinding, the ribbon being sold upon such spools to be readily replaced, notsoiling the fingers.

A bail, R, is pivoted in standards S, Figs.

of the standards, so that it may be adjusted supporting the paper as itrises through the rollers after being printed.

In Fig. the hammer is represented as terminating at the shaft 1", and asbeing operated "by an independent lever. This lever may be dispensedwith, and the hammer itself be prolonged so as to bear upon the dog a.

The type-wheel may be made as an entire wheel, or as a segment of awheel of any size suited to hold the letters, figures, and marksrequired for printing upon this class of machines.

movement of the paper-to form a new line, so that a fresh surface isalways automatically presented to the action of the hammer and o thetype. l A web of paper may be placed within the paper-holder, withperforations to enable it to be easily separated in sheets when the workis finished. The subject'matter herein shown, but not specificallyclaimed, is claimed in other applications now pending in the PatentOffice, filed by me previous to the date of this application. Havingthus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States, is-- 3 and5, being held byset-screws in the head at any angle which best serves the purpose of Thespools, it will be observed, move at each Y 1. In a type-Writing machinein which the type are carried upon a segment, a bar or equivalent devicepositively connected to the typesegment and movedby each key-leverindependently, in combination with a series of stops, as and for thepurpose set forth.

2 In combination with a rod moved independently by any one of thekey-levers and connected positively to the type-segment, a series ofstops operated by the key-levers, as set forth.

3. In a type-writing machine, the combination, with a type-segmenthaving the letters upon its face arranged to the right and left fromacentral or zero point, of a rod or equivalent device adapted to bemoved in opposite directions by the right or left hand keys, with apositive connection between said rod and the type-segment, and of aseries of stops, as set forth.

4. In combination with the arm t of the vibrating shaft, the lever k,the connecting-rod j, the shaft of the type-segment, and theintermediate connection, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

- JikS. B. HAMMOND.

Witnesses:

H. B. LANGDON, C. G. LINCOLN.

